Civil Engineering Today

  Gypsum Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard/ sidewalk chalk, and drywall. It contains 79.1 % calcium sulfate and 20.9% water. Its specific gravity is 2.3. It is a white crystalline substance. It is not available in nature in pure form but contains impurities such as alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and silica. It is a white crystalline substance less soluble in water but soluble in hydrochloric acid. As a binding material, it sets and hardens quickly. Its initial setting time after addition of water is about 4 to 6 minutes and its final setting time is about 30 minutes. Effect of heat and moisture on gypsum - Gypsum heated between 120 to 180°C loses about 14.7% of the water of crystallisation in the form steam and forms calcium sulphate hemihydrate, known as plaster of P...

 What is Civil Engineering? Civil engineering is a professional engineering course that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. This includes infrastructure such as roads, bridges, buildings, dams, airports, water supply systems, and more. Civil engineers apply scientific principles and technical knowledge to plan, design, construct, and manage these projects, ensuring they are safe, sustainable, and meet the needs of society. Civil engineering has five main types:  Following are the main types of civil engineering - Foundation engineering Structural engineering Environmental engineering Geotechnical engineering Transportation engineering.  Foundation engineering - Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics in the design of foundation elements for structures. In engineering, a foundation serves as the connection between a structure and the ground, transferring loads from ...