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What is Civil Engineering?

 What is Civil Engineering?

Civil engineering is a professional engineering course that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. This includes infrastructure such as roads, bridges, buildings, dams, airports, water supply systems, and more. Civil engineers apply scientific principles and technical knowledge to plan, design, construct, and manage these projects, ensuring they are safe, sustainable, and meet the needs of society.


Civil Engineering



Civil engineering has five main types: 

Following are the main types of civil engineering -

  • Foundation engineering
  • Structural engineering
  • Environmental engineering
  • Geotechnical engineering
  • Transportation engineering. 

Foundation engineering -

Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics in the design of foundation elements for structures. In engineering, a foundation serves as the connection between a structure and the ground, transferring loads from the structure to the ground.

Structural engineering -

Structural Engineering is the part of civil engineering that focus on the "bones and joints" of man-made structures. 

Structural engineers are highly skilled professionals who play a pivotal role in the construction industry. They calculate the strength and stability of load-bearing structures to withstand earthquakes, wind, and other natural disasters.


Environmental engineering -

Environment engineering is a field of civil engineering that integrates scientific knowledge from various fields, including chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology and microbiology.

Focus on improving the environment by constructing sustainable buildings. They also work to reduce air pollution, find solutions for waste management, and protect ecosystems and human health.

Geotechnical engineering -

Geotechnical engineering is a part of civil engineering that deals with the study and investigation of earth materials. This branch of engineering uses principles of soil and rock mechanics to investigate and study subsurface materials and conditions.

Design foundations to support structures, embankments, and retaining walls. They take into account the properties and mechanical behavior of the soil, including soil fluidity, compression, swelling, and seepage.

Transportation engineering -

Transportation engineering is a branch of civil engineering that focuses on the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure, including roads, highways, bridges, railways, airports, and transit systems. It involves ensuring the safe and efficient movement of people and goods.


Civil Engineer -

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructure that may have been neglected. A civil engineer is a professional who plans, designs, builds, maintains, and operates infrastructure, while also protecting the environment and public health. 

Being a civil engineer means working on designing, building and maintaining our environment including public works like roads, bridges, airports, canals, dams and buildings. Being a professional Civil Engineer can also involve conducting research to help create more sustainable and efficient materials and building methods.

Civil Engineer



What do Civil Engineers do?

  • Civil Engineers work for public and private organizations.
  • They design, develop, and construct structures.
  • They design, build, and maintain transportation systems and infrastructure.
  • They design, operate, and control water resource systems.


Career Opportunities -

Civil engineering graduates are qualified for employment in a wide variety of organizations, both public and private including :

  • Design
  • Material testing and manufacturing
  • Construction
  • Transportation
  • Natural resources development

How to become civil engineer?

To become a Civil Engineer, Firstly, you need to have passed in 12th class with at least 50% marks in subjects  like Physics, Chemistry, and Maths.
To get into a good civil engineering college, you should take entrance exams like JEE Mains.


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